Zuyder Sea – zuiderzee – Paskaarte van de Zuyder-Zee met alle des Zelfs inkomende Gaaten (..).; J. van Keulen – 1708-1756

Description

This map of the Zuiderzee shows three routes from the Marsdiep to the North Sea, Landsdiep, Slenk and Spanjaardsgat and two plates, Zuiderhaaks and Keizersplaat (as well as two smaller plates in the Spanjaardsgat). The map is numbered 3 in the lower right corner. To the right of the title cartouche Mercury, god of commerce, on the left Bellona, ​​goddess of war. The cartouche with the imprint is flanked by four putti and the coat of arms of Amsterdam.

Deze kaart van de Zuiderzee toont drie routes van het Marsdiep naar de Noordzee, Landsdiep, Slenk en Spanjaardsgat en twee platen, Zuiderhaaks en Keizers plaat (alsmede twee kleinere platen in het Spanjaardsgat). De kaart is rechtsonder in een kadertje genummerd 3. Rechts van het titelcartouche Mercurius, god van de handel, links Bellona, godin van de oorlog. Het cartouche met het impressum wordt geflankeerd door vier putti en het wapen van Amsterdam.

Details

• Type: carthography, sea chart, 2th state
• Title: Paskaarte van de Zuyder-Zee met alle des Zelfs inkomende Gaaten ] Soo als die op’t Zeekerts konnen Bezeyld worden: naa Haare Courekte Course, Opdoeningen, Droogten en Diepten. Joannis van Keupen Bookverkooper en Graadhoog-maaken aan de Niewen-brug inde Gekroonde Lootsman / Met privilegie voor 15 Jaar. Nr. 3
• Publication: 1704-1756 (1e staat uit 1680)
• Technique: copper engraving, contemporary colored, composed, underlaid
• Carthographer: Claes Jansz Vooght
• Engraver: Jan Luyken a.o.
• Published in: De Groote Nieuwe Vermeerderde Zee-Atlas & De Nieuwe Groote Lichtende Zee-Fakkel by Heirs Johannes van Keulen in Amsterdam
• Size print:  51.0 x 57.0 cm (20.1 x 22.44 inches)
• Size paper: 59.0 x 74.3 cm (23.2 x 29.3 inches)
• Verso: blank
• ID: M190Z
• Source: Koeman IV Keu 28/38 [33*]

Condition (A)

Very Good, given age. Nice print with bright coloring. General age-related toning and/or occasional minor defects from handling. Small hole in left image and in the upper margin.

Zeer goed, gegeven de leeftijd. Afdruk op fris papier met heldere inkleuring. Klein gaatje in het linkerbeeld en in de bovenmarge.

Backgrounds

Van Keulen publishing house

The Van Keulens were a family of chartmakers and publishers. The firm, In de Gekroonde Lootsman (In the Crowned Pilot), was founded in 1678 by Johannes van Keulen (1654-1715). Van Keulen originally registered his business as a vendor of books and instruments (specifically cross-staffs). In 1680, however, he gained a privilege from the States of Holland and West Friesland for the publication of pilot guides and sea atlases.

In that year, van Keulen released his Zee-Atlas (Sea Atlas), which secured him a name in the competitive maritime publishing market. In 1681, he published the first volume of Nieuwe Lichtende Zee-Fakkel (New Shining Sea Torch). This would be the first of an eventual five volumes originally published between 1680 and 1684. A sixth volume was added in 1753. The Zee-Fakel won van Keulen lasting fame. The atlas had charts compiled by Claes Jansz Vooght and artwork from Jan Luyken. It proved immensely popular and was reprinted until 1783. There were translations in French, English, Spanish, and Italian.

The late-seventeenth century was an auspicious time to enter the maritime chart business. Previous industry leaders had either closed shop, died, or retired, leaving space for a new competitor. Van Keulen proceeded to buy up the stock and privileges of several maritime publishing firms; the most notable was the stock of Hendrik Doncker, acquired in 1693.

Johannes’ son, Gerard (1678-1726) took over the business upon his father’s death. Gerard was a skilled engraver and mathematician. His talents were noticed, as in 1706 he was named as Hydrographer to the Dutch East India Company (VOC).

In turn, Gerard’s son Johannes II (1704-1770) came to run the shop. He was also tied to the VOC, and his role as their chartmaker allowed his charts to be considered as quasi-official government documents. It is with access to formerly clandestine VOC geographic knowledge that Johannes the Younger was able to add a sixth volume to the Zee-Fakkel, which covered the East Indies. Johannes also continued to sell instruments, including the recently-invented Hadley’s Quadrant from 1744.

When Johannes II died in 1770, his widow ran the business in his stead, aided by her two sons, Cornelis Buys (1736-1778) and Gerard Hulst (1733-1801). Now a century old, the family business had extended to include an anchor factory. After Cornelis died in 1778, Gerard took on the management of the firm alone. He oversaw the introduction of sextants to their inventory and published the Dutch Nautical Almanac beginning in 1788. Annual editions appeared until 1885. Gerard also served as an original member of the Dutch Commission for Longitude at Sea from 1787.

Gerard’s widow ran the business for nine years after his death, when their son, Johannes Hulst, started to lead the firm in 1810. After his death in 1844, the firm passed out of family hands and into the control of Jacob Swert, a skilled cartographer who had worked for the business for two decades. He passed the work to his son, another Jacob, in 1866. By the mid-nineteenth century, the conversion from sail to steam had diminished the size of the market for charts. Fewer sailors needed fewer maps, charts, and instruments. In 1885, after 207 years in business, In de Gekroonde Lootsman closed its doors and auctioned its stock.

Johannes van Keulen (1654 – 1715) was een Nederlandse uitgever en de grondlegger van het bekende uitgevershuis in Amsterdam. De uitgeverij zou zich ruim twee eeuwen richten op het publiceren van zeeatlassen. De belangrijkste uitgave is ‘De Groote Ligtende Zee-Fakkel’. De eerste editie uit 1684 bevatte vijf delen. Van Keulen vestigde zich in 1679 aan de oostzijde van de Nieuwe Brug te Amsterdam. Hij werkte samen met de cartograaf Claes Jansz Vooght. Hij kocht koperplaten uit de nalatenschappen van Joan Blaeu en Hendrick Doncker. Van Keulens werk werd voortgezet door zijn zoon, Gerard van Keulen (1678-1726). Zijn kleinzoon, Johannes II van Keulen (1704-1755), was degene die deel 6 van de atlas met kaarten van de Aziatische wateren publiceerde. Achterkleinzoon Gerard Hulst van Keulen (1733-1801) hield zich bezig met de laatste versie van de Zee-Fakkel. Vanaf 1801 werd de naam van Van Keulen nog steeds gebruikt: Wed. G. Hulst van Keulen. In 1885 werd het bedrijf definitief opgeheven.